The 10-mileKirkpatrick Loop, starting at Drumlanrig Castle, is also a great beginner and family-friendly route and there are also blue, red and black routes available herefor more advanced bikers. The design will be worked up by Transport Scotland to the same level of detail as is required for all major trunk road projects to allow the Scottish Ministers to make an informed decision and with the confidence that it can be delivered successfully through the planning process. The exhibition boards are available in two parts: In 2017, a partnership between Transport Scotland and the Birnam to Ballinluig A9 Community Group initiated a co-creative process to identify the communitys preferred route. This is a greatrouteto break down into smaller parts if you'd rather not ride the whole 17 miles in one go. Reverse the route and start at Dunkeld & Birnam Railway Station to avoid travelling to Logierait by car. Birnam to the Hermitage, Highland Perthshire at EveryTrail. www.komoot.com. Our Calorie Calculator estimates how many Calories you will burn using Metabolic Equivalent (MET) values from Compendium of Physical Activities. Distance:5 or12 miles/8 or19kmthere and back. Malheureusement, vous vous tes gar (ou la page que vous recherchez See The Hermitage Woodland Walk, Dunkeld And Birnam, on the map. There is expected to be a negligible or minor impact on local air and noise quality, mainly during the construction period. Terrain, gradients and access: woodland trails, no steep hills and optional boardwalk. After the SEA we moved to project level assessment work, set out in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB). Sentimos comunicarte que el destino elegido (o la pgina que ests buscando) Across road and down into car park then follow path up to the Hermitage and cross the River Braan by rustic stone bridge to 'Ossians Hall'. Centro assistenza. An impressive stand of Douglas firs creates a cathedral-like atmosphere as you walk alongside the waterfalls, rapids and swirling pools of the River Braan towards Ossian's Hall and Bridge. Welcome to our new website. Staring from the B867 layby pass under the railway and . Dunkeld village sits on the banks of the River Tay. So take care, especially when going downhill, and be prepared with proper equipment. At the top, you have your first choice (pics 1&2). From here it's just up and up, unless you fancy a small detour to the Stair Bridge viewpoint (pic 6). Parking fees apply at the trail head while there are no toilet facilities at this car park. If lucky, this is a good place to spot salmon jumping up the Black Linn falls of the River Braan. Fiddler's 9km (5.5 mls) and Bishops Path 2.5 km (1,5 mls) - 2.75 hrs and 0.75 hrs respectively - Both paths start in the centre of Dunkeld and walk past Dunkeld Cathedral along the banks of the River Tay towards Dunkeld House Hotel (once the home of the Dukes and Earls of Atholl). Journey times might be slightly longer on weekends and Bank Holidays. Start/Finish: Greenrig Car Park, Callendar Estate. The four whole route options selected for the final voting were: The online options had varying lengths of tunnel with Route A incorporating a 1.5km tunnel, Route B a 450m tunnel and Route D an underpass of up to 150m. Explore more of South East England: Browse the best Road Cycling Routes in other regions. Pedestrian, cycle and equestrian access will be maintained and enhanced in some areas. It's an ideal traffic-free route for families on good cycle paths, with several options for coffee and cake along the way. : Caledonia Way - Fort Augustus to Laggan Locks, : Strathkelvin Railway Path - Kirkintilloch to Strathblane, 11 of the Best Cycling Routes in Scotland, National Cycle Routes & Paths in Scotland, Fun Outdoor Activities & Things To Do in Scotland, Loch Lomond, Trossachs, Stirling & Forth Valley, Our Quality Assurance 5-Star Grading Scheme. Operated by First ScotRail Service and LNER, the Blair Atholl to Dunkeld And Birnam Station train service departs from Blair Atholl and arrives in Dunkeld & Birnam. To help illustrate the level of detail that will eventually be produced, see the A9 Luncarty to Birnam ES. Terrain, gradients and access: road and sealed cycle path with some hills. Follow burn upstream until possible to cross by footbridge then through forest to exit onto A 822. Terrain, gradients and access: quiet roads and sealed cycle paths with some good climbs. Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. n'existe pas). JavaScript needs to be enabled to see this product search form. A well surfaced gravel path leads from the road to Balhomish, then following the Inchewan Path through a dense woodland to Dunkeld and Birnam Station, where the route continues on a quiet tarmac road through Birnam Glen. FIND YOUR WAY OUTSIDE is a trademark of AllTrails, LLC. Route map for 'Birnam Hermitage' - a 7.1km walking route near Dunkeld, UK. This route takes in the Hermitage woodlands and river before heading into Birnam and Dunkeld. During this period Transport Scotland will be consulting with stakeholders and people who may be directly affected by the communitys preferred option as chosen at the Big Decide. This multi-million dollar, 10.6-kilometre adventure travels alongside Hermitage Road, from the New England Highway intersection in the north to Broke Road in the south. Beautiful mixed woodland and stunning views make this walk one of Highland Perthshire's highlights. Leaving the woodland the route follows a small tarmac road to which crosses the river and then joins the A822 at Rumbling Bridge. You could of course make a real day of it by turning left up Birnam Glen, following the path up past Balhomish and down to Rumbling Bridge, then down past the Hermitage and back to Birnam via Inver - click here for more details. There is an ancient tree, the Birnam Oak, standing a few hundred metres from the centre of Birnam. For information about our privacy practices, please visit our website. retournez la page d'accueil www.komoot.fr. Route Description The Old Military Road passing through The Hermitage Route Description Starting at the Scottish Deli in Dunkeld, the route passes some of the historical houses in the village square and Cathedral Street. It may well have been part of Birnam Wood at the time of the battle 900 years ago, and remains part of the legend. The Hermitage is a National Trust for Scotland-protected site in Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross. You can turn this on in your browser settings. Birnam is a village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. This involves a more localised assessment of constraints and opportunities and the production of route options and assessment of their impacts. 2023 Find cycle routes in Hermitage: Flat routes | Hilly routes | Uphill routes | Downhill routes | Quick rides | Long tours | Top rated routes. On the outward leg along NCN77, it's well worth taking a short detour to exploreThe Hermitageand Black Linn waterfall and Pine Cone Point in Craigvinean Forest, which offers stunning views over Highland Perthshire. Please select all the ways you would like to hear from Highland Perthshire Cycling: You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. We'd recommend a visit to 13th centuryDunkeld Cathedraland there are lots of eateries in the wider village ofDunkeld, to top up the energy levels, before embarking on the return leg. The trails atCallendar Estatewind through lovely woodland and are family-friendly and safe one-way routes, which are ideal for most bikers. We took our own bikes, though bike hire (or even . We're still working on it so would love to hear your feedback by email tosupport@visitscotland.com. Weather UV Index Daylight Sunday 30 F Monday 42 / 28 F Tuesday 38 / 32 F Wednesday Here's an easy out-and-backroutethat takes you past delightful villages and through scenic countryside north of Glasgow, and all framed by the majestic Campsie Fells. Walking, running and cycling routes near Birnam Wood, Perth and Kinross Routes Stay Places Launch In OS Maps Birnam Wood, Perth and Kinross +5 miles Activities Length Time Difficulty List Map Loading. Tips: It begins through the beautiful wooded glen of the Hermitage, complete with picturesque follies and attractive waterfalls. Caledonian Canal at Fort Augustus where it joins Loch Ness. Du fhlst dich richtig verloren? Stage 1. ExplorePerthshire, often known as Big Tree Country, on thisleafy routerunning alongside Scotland's longest river. Community Engagement events are being held on 26 and 27 March 2019 in Birnam Arts Centre as part of the A9 Dualling Pass of Birnam to Tay Crossing project. The route reaches the eastern edge of Perth towards the foot of the hill, with the town centre reached via Smeaton's Bridge. This section passes through the villages of Almondbank and Bankfoot, and enters Dunkeld through Birnam. Detailed maps and GPS navigation for the hike: "The hermitage - Dunkeld Bridge Loop from Dunkeld and Birnam" 02:56 h 10.7 km komoot Discover Route planner Features Discover The SEA helped inform the division of the programme into a series of projects to help us manage planning issues at a local level. Little Dunkeld (nearside of the river) and Dunkeld viewed from the south There are plenty of cycling routes for beginners in Scotland - so get your bike out, or hire one, and find your own breathtaking views by bike. Community engagement is a priority with all of our projects. Stop at Mhor 84 for a delicious bite to eat or continue onwards to Lochearnhead. We use Mailchimp as our marketing platform. Use our Route Profile tool to explore the elevation profile for this route. As part of that scoping work, the various elements of the community option have been examined in consultation with local residents living close to the A9 and key stakeholders. See this Tour and others like it, or plan your own with komoot! Please be careful to observe all signs for rights of way when following other people's routes, as we cannot guarantee that they do not cross private or hazardous land. The train journey time between Blair Atholl and Dunkeld And Birnam Station is around 22 min and covers a distance of around 20 miles. 1,993 km. Perth to Dunkeld. Search a wide range of accommodation, events, food & drink options and things to do from indoor and outdoor attractions to activities, tours and more. Parking is available at Greenrig Cycles. Parking fees apply at the trail head while there are no toilet facilities at this car park. Get directions now. There's limited parking in Logierait. www.komoot.es. The 20 top rides around Hermitage Map data OpenStreetMap contributors 1 Community shop and cafe - Saddleback Farm cafe Loop from Cold Ash Intermediate 02:24 52.8 km 22.1 km/h 440 m 440 m Intermediate road ride. Breathe in the earthy woodland and tang of pine needles as you wander along the banks of the River Braan. Winter in Glenmore Forest Park near Aviemore. Terrain, gradients and access: forest tracksand parking is available at Drumlanrig Castle. Working with those affected by the A9 dualling programme is at the heart of our planning and we regularly run engagement events to consult local communities, road users, businesses and individuals as our plans are progressed. gibt es nicht). | President: Jon Snow. Distance: 5.2 miles/8.5km - circular route. The route starts on Canal Street in Kirkintilloch, only 9 miles from the centre of Glasgow - one of the host locations for theUCI Cycling World Championshipsin 2023. After making their way under the A9 trunk road and railway bridge, most walkers choose the clockwise option, which features a longer but gentler ascent, followed by a steep descent back to the starting point. Great relaxed family cycling for a Sunday afternoon - or any other afternoon for that matter! These events will show a number of whole route options which have been developed using the options shown at the March 2019 community engagement events and will be assessed alongside the Communitys Preferred Route Option in the DMRB Stage 2 assessment. Public Exhibitions were also held in June 2013 and June 2014 at various locations along the route. Discover and support local businesses along the route. There are shorter green routes available, which can be enjoyed on most bikes and hybrids, or you can hire a bike atRik's Bike Shed. Get the latest weather forecast for the Dunkeld area Do you have any feedback or information to share about this route? | It's an ideal traffic-free route for families on good cycle paths, with several options for coffee and cake along the way. | The driver experience will be enhanced with this modern and safer dualled arrangement. There are regular train services between Falkirk and Edinburgh and Falkirk and Glasgow, if you'd rather leave the car at home. Perthshire Gravel is a Highland Perthshire Cycling project, and is only possible with the funding and support of our partners. Some of that work will now be revisited as part of the co-creative process, taking into account community and programme objectives. Quick rides Most people get on their bikes to ride here in the month of May. one offline route (Route C) which consisted of a 2.8km tunnel to the west of the existing A9 with junctions at Dalguise and the Hermitage, and the retention of the Dunkeld & Birnam station. Controleer of je de juiste URL hebt ingetypt, of ga terug naar Check youve typed the correct URL or head back to the home page The trail is open year-round and is beautiful to visit anytime. The projectforms part of the wider strategy to upgrade the A9 between Perth and Inverness to dual carriageway. It takes an average of 1h 28m to travel from Glasgow to Dunkeld & Birnam by train, over a distance of around 54 miles (88 km). The purpose of this process is to bring skills, experience and local knowledge together to reach a solution with the community. Thisrouteheads out ofAviemore, initially along one of Scotland's Great Trails - the Speyside Way and the lovely River Spey. geh zurck zur Homepage auf www.komoot.de. Cycling UK is a trading name of Cyclists' Touring Club (CTC) a company limited by guarantee, registered in England no: 25185. Your comment has been flagged for review due to possible spam. Dann besuch unser It can be boggy in open areas. Down a wee hill and left thro ugh gates into cool and leafy Birnam Glen. We think staying somewhere with a beautiful view is important, so weve done our research and gathered a list of places with stunning surroundings. The part of NCN4 that goes alongside the Kennet and Avon Canal west of Reading is similarly car-free, flat and picturesque, and the route continues (partly along roads) to Newbury and Hungerford. The trailhead is justthree miles from the centre of Falkirk. You'll come to some steps set into the hill and you'll know you're getting close to the top - then you'll see the mighty impressive cairn that someone has built really quite recently, with a wooden sign showing north. Vrifiez que vous avez saisi la bonne adresse URL ou www.komoot.nl. Check out this list of stops closest to your destination: Royal Dunkeld Hotel; Royal School Of Dunkeld; Birnam Hotel; Dunkeld & Birnam. Search over 1 million hotels, B&B's and other accomodation on Booking.com. Linlithgow Palace and St Michael's Parish Church by Linlithgow Loch, VisitScotland / Kenny Lam, all rights reserved. Centre dassistance. You night also consider branching off round the back of the hill to follow the route of the Highland Perthshire Enduro mountain bike event (pic 7 - and see here for more details). You can start this walk from Birnam. There are 3 ways to get from Dunkeld And Birnam Station to The Hermitage by bus, taxi or foot Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio's travel planner. Just don't forget to pack a picnic and your camera! Great relaxed family cycling for a Sunday afternoon or any other afternoon for that matter. This covers the usual DMRB topics. Some parts of this trail may be more accessible than others, with some sections a bit rougher, caution is advised. Take care along road sections and at road crossings on this trail. Find the highest point, the steepest secton and the longest climb! The average journey time from Dunkeld And Birnam to Edinburgh (Waverley) is 1 hour 56 minutes. At the end of the process, once we have a preferred option, we'll produce an Environmental Statement (ES) which assesses the preferred option against a range of topic areas. You'll follow the old railway line, which closed to trains in 1966. Good fitness required. Scotland offers a variety of wildlife tours that will take you deep into our stunning landscapes. Rest at the lovely wee caf kiosk at Laggan Locks in front of the amazing view, as you enjoy an energising Barista coffee and maybe a slice of something sweet, before heading back toFort Augustus. Support-Center. Terrain, gradients and access: canal towpath, B-class roads with A-class road sections, steep climb out of Blackness and parking in Linlithgow. For more information, click here. Parking in Kirkintilloch. Time to go off-road! Terrain, gradients and access: cycleway, canal towpath,woodland trails and one short, lightly-trafficked on-road section. This site uses cookies to store information on your computer. In the final stage, Stage 5, members of the public were invited to rank the four short-listed routes in order of preference and to vote for one of three related junction options at Birnam/Murthly Castle. If you're in need of some extra supplies, a hand with some quick bike repairs or looking to hire something new, you can rely on our trusted friends below. Route Details: https://www.outdooractive.com/en/r/261114439Maps, GPS data, trail descriptions, and morehttps://www.outdooractive.com/en/r/261114439-----. There are a number of options for refreshment stops along the way and if you're staying a while in the area, don't miss the remarkable history ofKilmartin Glenand theScottish Beaver Trailin Knapdale Forest. Want to go road cycling around Hermitage? Bike Touring Collection by .css-15tc4lh{margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}.css-1wi8bdd{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/2y/2ybguf62finf10zpa1jz1g3ia6ae4x7f153727-full/0?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}komoot. Centro de ayuda. Although quite short, this is very steep in places, and there can be quite a difference in conditions between the top and the bottom. Discover an unexpected waterfall, freewheel down a quiet woodland trail or crest a hill to see an incredible vista before you. It is claimed that Birnam Wood was used as camouflage for Malcolm Canmore's army before the battle at Dunsinane with MacBeth. Come face to face with the thunderous Black Linn Falls - best viewed from Ossian's Hall. The full voting figures and scores can be found in the Stage 5 Ranking Summary Report, link included below. The route starts on Canal Street in Kirkintilloch, only 9 miles from the centre of Glasgow - one of the host locations for the UCI Cycling World Championships in 2023. Additionally, since 2013 a number of drop-in sessions were held to offer the community the opportunity to speak to the project team and to raise any points or queries they may have in relation to the Pass of Birnam to Tay Crossing scheme. The route takes a path towards the River Tay and follows the river briefly. Distance:19 miles/30km (shorter route also available). Helpcentrum. Lochearnhead in summer under blue skies, with impossibly green fields in the foreground, dotted with sheep, and hills rising behind across the loch. The Canada Trail is a lovely flowing off-road route with no steep sections, just gentle and fun ups and downs and theres an optional wee board walk section if you want to test your skills. Subscribe to get all the latest dirt on new gravel biking routes. Following the river westbound on a well-surfaced track, the route then passes on tarmac paths and a quiet road through Inver, heading towards the carpark at the entrance to The Hermitage. Impact on travel Road users may experience some delays during the construction period. This is a popular trail for running and walking, but you can still enjoy some solitude during quieter times of day. Begin the walk from the layby at the old Birnam Quarry just off the A9 on the B867. Ideal for those setting out on one of their first cycling adventures, this stunning route alongThe Lochs & Glens Way,begins at the Broch Caf in the village of Strathyre and meanders through the vivid colours of Strathyre Forest and the rugged surrounding landscape of Rob Roy Country. Adults can enjoy a tour of theFalkirk Whisky Distillery, not far fromCallendar House. Very easy and stroller friendly. Great relaxed family cycling for a Sunday afternoon - or any other afternoon for that matter! Uphill routes Du scheinst dich verlaufen zu haben (oder die Seite, die du gesucht hast, The route also takes in the iconic and innovativeFalkirk Wheel. Find the right bike route for you through Hermitage, where we've got 43 cycle routes to explore. Si no tienes ni idea de por dnde tirar, visita nuestro Take your own bike or hire one atGreenrig Cyclesandrefuel at theCaf at Canada Wood. Feeling really lost? Registered as a charity in England and Wales charity no: 1147607 and in Scotland charity no: SC042541. Recommended option Line 23 bus 10 min Take the line 23 bus from Birnam Hotel to Rose Cottage 23 / . Helaas, je bent het pad kwijt (of de pagina die je zoekt bestaat niet). This circular route begins in the village of Birnam. This document is typical of those produced for trunk road, and other developments. This varied walk is a real Perthshire classic. Parking in Fort Augustus. It is located 12 miles north of Perth on the A9 road, the main tourist route through Perthshire, in an area of Scotland marketed as Big Tree Country. Please remember, the estimated number of Calories is just a guide and the actual number of Calories burned may vary depending on other factors such as weather and terrain. The Dunkeld & Birnam Path Network leaflet gives a great overview of all the paths available in the area, including Birnam Hill. Terrain, gradients and access: mostly flat, traffic-free unsealed canal towpath withparking at Ardrishaig. The route passes on a wheelchair-accessible path through this stretch of magical Perthshire forest under giant Douglas firs, amongst the tallest trees in the UK. Pause to admire the great view from the rock above Dunkeld and Birnam and take the obligatory picture (below).At the foot of the hill, turn right back down the hill and back to where you made your original decision to go left and do the route clockwise. If using public transport the walk can be started from Birnam itself, just follow the signs to the railway station and then the red marker sign to link to the walk at the bottom of the long descent. Most people get on their bikes to ride here in the month of May. Visit our ALLTRAILS and the AllTrails Mountain Design are registered trademarks of AllTrails, LLC in the United States as well as certain other jurisdictions. It is available from Visitor Information Centres, as well as a pdf from the Perth & Kinross Council website. According to folklore, this is the last tree remaining from the ancient Birnam woods that featured in the witches' prophesy to Macbeth in Shakespeare's play. Comprueba si la URL es correcta o retrocede hasta After making their way under the A9 trunk road and railway bridge, most walkers choose the clockwise option, which features a longer but gentler ascent, followed by a steep descent back to the starting point. Here, the route crosses the A90 into Glencarse then up the challenging Kinnoull Hill. Explore them all here, and find your perfect road cycling route around Hermitage. All rights reserved. Generally considered a moderately challenging route, it takes an average of 1 h 58 min to complete. Take some time to appreciate Andy Scott's breathtaking and massive equine sculptures, while the kids will love the adventure playground inHelix Parkand exploring the grounds and mountain biking trails ofCallendar Park. a restricted movement grade-separated junction at Birnam, a full movement grade-separated junction adjacent to the current access at Murthly Castle. To complete the whole route, voters expressed a clear preference to incorporate a full movement grade-separated junction at Murthly Castle, to the south of Birnam, to replace the existing Birnam junction. These are the lines and routes that have stops nearby - Bus: 226 23 Train: SCOTRAIL. Transport Scotland, Comhdhail alba home button, View Stage 5 Ranking Summary Report Paper.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Fact Sheet - Route A.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Plan - Route A.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Fact Sheet - Route B.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Plan - Route B.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Fact Sheet - Route C.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Plan - Route C.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Fact Sheet - Route D.pdf, View Stage 5 Co-Creative Process Plan - Route D.pdf, usual assessment process for trunk road projects, assessment of the baseline (existing) conditions in the local area, Environmental Baseline Report - June 2017 - A9 Pass of Birnam to Tay Crossing, Wednesday 27 March 2019, 11.00am to 9.00pm, three online routes (Routes A, B and D) which would follow the line of the existing A9 (but partly at lower level involving a cut and cover tunnel or underpass) with junctions at Dunkeld, Dalguise and the Hermitage, and the retention of the Dunkeld & Birnam railway station. In this area, as with the other A9 projects, we have been undertaking DMRB Stage 2 (route options) assessments. The fountain was built in 1866 from public subscription. Route Details: https://www.outdooractive.com/en/r/261131348Stell Park - Tomgarrow - River Braan - Falls of the Braan - Craigvinean Forest - Ossian's Cave - O. The Berlin-Usedom Island Cycle Route helps cyclists escape from the hustle and bustle of the German capital, leading them to the vast expanse of nature in the densely wooded Barnim area and the Uckermark district with its many lakes all the way to the island of Usedom and the Baltic Sea. The route then continues to visit the dramatic Rumbling Bridge before a return through more open countryside with attractive views. Bikemap is the world's biggest bike route collection. Less of a hike and more of a walk. New Users/How to Create a User Account User Login allows you to access your saved Shortlist of properties. Top rated routes, Dines Way 4, Hermitage to Dines Way 4, Hermitage, Newbury Showground, Priors Court Road, Thatcham to Newbury Showground, Priors Court Road, Thatcham, Briants Piece 28, Hermitage to Briants Piece 28, Hermitage, Folly Hill Cottage, Forge Hill, Thatcham to Muddy Lane, West Berkshire. Some of these cookies are essential to make our site work and others help us to improve by giving us some insight into how the site is being used. Glasgow to Dunkeld & Birnam by train. The completed programme will provide safer overtaking opportunities and, as a result, road users will experience fewer vehicle platoons and convoys. There are normally 10 trains per day travelling from Glasgow to Dunkeld & Birnam and tickets for this journey start from 8.50 when you book in advance. Explore with Digital Maps Use OS Maps to see more detail including footpaths, bridleways, cycle tracks and rights of way. This route takes in the Hermitage woodlands and river before heading into Birnam and Dunkeld. When selecting an Activity setting, select the speed you would normally travel at on flat ground. There are some hills along the route and parking isavailable at Helix Park. This is a really lovely, easy ride or walk that is almost completely flat, avoids roads, and takes you past some of the loveliest scenes in Highland Perthshire.The Birnam Oak, the historic Telford's Bridge, the medieval Cathedral and old town of Dunkeld (looking across the river), the pretty hamlet of Inver and the stunning Hermitage (including possibly Britain's tallest tree) are all part of this route.Great relaxed family cycling for a Sunday afternoon - or any other afternoon for that matter!Tips:There is a nice snack bar (Big Tree Cafe) in the Hermitage Car Park with good home baking - try the oatie biscuit and plenty of refuelling opportunities in Birnam.