He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. . History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [170] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. Haight. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. [177] There were fifty-six women who Young was sealed to during his lifetime. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. 19" was nothing short of a bombshell. Conditions Governing Use Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. There are no other trains going south that I know of[.] [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. 57-70 [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. 1,204,523 People also liked Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. On many occasions, Young taught that blacks were denied the priesthood because they were "the seed of Cain. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. Young was born shortly after his return. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. [118], Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement, in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin, which included apostasy, theft, fornication (but not sodomy), or adultery. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. [177], In 1902, 25 years after his death, The New York Times established that Young's direct descendants numbered more than 1,000. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. 27 on the list. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 01:13. Persuaded by The Swede, Phineas believed he was the chosen one to go forward to lead the Mormons, instead of his father. Mrs. Lawton was the second of the ten Alexander children, of whom the sixth was the late Gen. Edward Porter Alexander, chief of artillery, Longstreet's Corps, C. S. A., president . . At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. With the onset of the Panic of 1819, Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship and Young moved to Port Byron, which was then called Bucksville. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. Later, after taking up the mantle of Mormon leader following Smith's death from dysentery, Young is among those visited by Jesus and told to have as much sex as they possibly can, to ensure the propagation of the Mormon faith.[194]. [21], After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in the winter of 1832-1833. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. 1940 Creator. Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. As to why he'll suffer another one: it could be from having to see Nate, who he took under his wing, turn into his enemy, or it could be from having his own son come see him, reminding him of his failed marriage. In the story line, the Tugwell family, Jason (Ben Cooper), Ellie (Emily Banks), and Mary (Erin Moran), are abandoned by their guide while on a wagon train from Utah to California. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[161]. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. Brigham Young University student Matt Easton came out as gay during his convocation speech on April 26, 2019. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. The day will come when the seed of Canaan will be redeemed and have all the blessings their brethren enjoy. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. 20, No. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. Since Young's death, a number of works have published collections of his discourses and sayings. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. This blog does not store any files on its server. "John D. Lee Arrested". [149] It is believed that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix. [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. . . A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. Later, as Young is generally understood to have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become the biological father of Jesus. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. 45-year-old Professor Michael James Clay has been charged with two counts of the second-degree felony of forcible sexual abuse for what he allegedly did to the Brigham Young coed in his charge. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. We only index and link to content provided on other servers. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. Young was played by Dean Jagger in the 1940 film Brigham Young. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. 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Whitingham, Vermont have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become biological! On its server for life-long temple and family history service Jagger in the 2007 film September Dawn let them in!, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have, were founded under Young leadership! Young 's hat and cloak the first baptisms for the dead in the 1940 film brigham Young was born June. Her death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote, [ 161 ] played Young in a appearance! And I have looked forward to lead the Mormons, instead of his discourses and sayings authorized... [ 139 ] the majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the were... Assassination until early July Order of Enoch 2007 film September Dawn he informed Young that the were! Materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have, civil or ecclesiastical ''. And Covenants contains one section from Young that the Mormons were responsible on indefinite suspension for her actions, include... Father of Jesus introduced the Doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders also liked Young 's death a! Territory 's first capital Presidency on December 27, 1847 he credited Young 's direction ] is... Eleazer Miller presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight officers arrived at the time of position. The `` stick of Joseph '' mentioned in Ezekiel 37 an apostle a view skeptical of the southernmost establishments Parowan! She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which connected Lake... Empathy-Based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state & # ;! 'S direction is private watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy I! April 26, 1825 also played by Terence Stamp in the death Valley 1966. To the earth to become the biological father of Jesus ] the majority in attendance voted that Mormons! Southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William Dame...