welcome atheism! When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. He wrote and presented a speech that challenged . Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetual remembrance. Not everyone. Interview was lightly edited for clarity and length. The minister of American justice is bound by the law to hear but one side; and that side, is the side of the oppressor. Rhetorical Analysis Of Harvey Fourth Of July. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? He implored the Rochester, N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of Black Americans during a holiday celebrating freedom. He argues that though the international slave trade is correctly decried as abhorrent, the people of the United States are far less vocal in their opposition to domestic slave trade. Let this damning fact be perpetually told. The Sharps, the Clarksons, the Wilberforces, the Buxtons, and Burchells and the Knibbs, were alike famous for their piety, and for their philanthropy. I, therefore, leave off where I began, with hope. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. The Lords of Buffalo, the Springs of New York, the Lathrops of Auburn, the Coxes and Spencers of Brooklyn, the Gannets and Sharps of Boston, the Deweys of Washington, and other great religious lights of the land have, in utter denial of the authority of Him by whom the professed to he called to the ministry, deliberately taught us, against the example or the Hebrews and against the remonstrance of the Apostles, they teach that we ought to obey mans law before the law of God.My spirit wearies of such blasphemy; and how such men can be supported, as the standing types and representatives of Jesus Christ, is a mystery which I leave others to penetrate. What to a Slave is the Fourth of July Frederick Douglass Fredrick speech. The speech has since been published under the above title in The Frederick Douglass Papers, Series One, Vol. be warned! Is that a question for Republicans? "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" remains one of the most effective and poignant condemnations of slavery in the canon of American abolitionist literature, a tribute to the moral character and oratorical skills of Frederick Douglass. In his speech, "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery . Text Frederick Douglass, " What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? In the language of Isaiah, the American church might be well addressed, Bring no more vain ablations; incense is an abomination unto me: the new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity even the solemn meeting. Your lawmakers have commanded all good citizens to engage in this hellish sport. That point is conceded already. Must we allow symbols of racism on public land? your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. The power is co-extensive with the Star-Spangled Banner and American Christianity. $ 3.60. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? Ever ready to drink, to treat, and to gamble. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. A John Knox would be seen at every church door, and heard from every pulpit, and Fillmore would have no more quarter than was shown by Knox, to the beautiful, but treacherous queen Mary of Scotland. I shall see, this day, and its popular characteristics, from the slaves point of view. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. Where these go, may also go the merciless slave-hunter. Students also viewed See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? ROY: The event that were doing in Somerville puts pressure on whitewashed conceptions of the Fourth of July, as many people to this day still view it as a celebration of American food, fireworks, and freedom. On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave a keynote address at an Independence Day celebration and asked, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Douglass was a powerful orator, often traveling six months out of the year to give lectures on abolition. R, R. Raymond) on the platform, are shining examples; and let me say further, that upon these men lies the duty to inspire our ranks with high religious faith and zeal, and to cheer us on in the great mission of the slaves redemption from his chains.One is struck with the difference between the attitude of the American church towards the anti-slavery movement, and that occupied by the churches in England towards a similar movement in that country. I lived on Philpot Street, Fells Point, Baltimore, and have watched from the wharves, the slave ships in the Basin, anchored from the shore, with their cargoes of human flesh, waiting for favorable winds to waft them down the Chesapeake. [5] American studies professor Andrew S. Bibby argues that because many of the editions produced for educational use are abridged, they often misrepresent Douglass's original through omission or editorial focus. They are plain, common-sense rules, such as you and I, and all of us, can understand and apply, without having passed years in the study of law. Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth. It is, however, a notable fact that, while so much execration is poured out by Americans upon those engaged in the foreign slave-trade, the men engaged in the slave-trade between the states pass without condemnation, and their business is deemed honorable.Behold the practical operation of this internal slave-trade, the American slave-trade, sustained by American politics and America religion. O! It is not that pure and undefiled religion which is from above, and which is first pure, then peaceable, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. But a religion which favors the rich against the poor; which exalts the proud above the humble; which divides mankind into two classes, tyrants and slaves; which says to the man in chains, stay there; and to the oppressor, oppress on; it is a religion which may be professed and enjoyed by all the robbers and enslavers of mankind; it makes God a respecter of persons, denies his fatherhood of the race, and tramples in the dust the great truth of the brotherhood of man. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future, Douglass said. Easel Activity. Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist. How should I look to-day, in the presence of Americans, dividing, and subdividing a discourse, to show that men have a natural right to freedom? If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. No nation can now shut itself up from the surrounding world, and trot round in the same old path of its fathers without interference. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. But I differ from those who charge this baseness on the framers of the Constitution of the United States. had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain. You have already declared it. Is it at the gateway? You live and must die, and you must do your work. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? I say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. Yet his monument is built up by the price of human blood, and the traders in the bodies and souls of men shoutWe have Washington to our father.Alas! As with rivers so with nations. To find out what elements make the speech 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?' He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. dismay. Great streams are not easily turned from channels, worn deep in the course of ages. speaking of it relatively, and positively, negatively, and affirmatively. Wind, steam, and lightning are its chartered agents. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated, Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cumin. At some future period I will gladly avail myself of an opportunity to give this subject a full and fair discussion.Allow me to say, in conclusion, notwithstanding the dark picture I have this day presented of the state of the nation, I do not despair of this country. Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. Senator Berrien tell us that the Constitution is the fundamental law, that which controls all others. Summary: "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", otherwise known as "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," Frederick Douglassoutlines a careful argument against the institution of slavery and more specifically the Fugitive Slave Act. sanction. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" in 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the fight to abolish slavery. You may rejoice, I must mourn. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. In his speech, he argues that the Fourth of July is the darkest as well as most mournful . [26] After the Civil War, Douglass said that "we" had achieved a great thing by gaining American independence during the American Revolutionary War, though he said it was not as great as what was achieved by the Civil War. [8] Frederick Douglass had moved to Rochester in 1847 in order to publish his newspaper The North Star. The Oratory of Fr. Essentially, Douglass criticizes his audience's pride for a nation that claims to value freedom though it is composed of people who continuously commit atrocities against Blacks. Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." I am glad, fellow-citizens, that your nation is so young. or is it in the temple? Douglass then pivots to the present, stating that "We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future". official permission or approval. Of this sort of change they are always strongly in favor. To . His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore witness to the brutality of slavery. They are food for the cotton-field, and the deadly sugar-mill. Mark the sad procession, as it moves wearily along, and the inhuman wretch who drives them. The cause of liberty may be stabbed by the men who glory in the deeds of your fathers. The manhood of the slave is conceded. They that can, may; I cannot. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? There is hope in the thought, and hope is much needed, under the dark clouds which lower above the horizon. We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term. It is the antagonistic force in your government, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers your Union. It has been denounced with burning words, from the high places of the nation, as an execrable traffic. The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. However, if slavery were abolished and equal rights given to all, that would no longer be the case. I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. The Celestial Empire, the mystery of ages, is being solved. They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to. This trade is one of the peculiarities of American institutions. When a sufficient number have been collected here, a ship is chartered, for the purpose of conveying the forlorn crew to Mobile, or to New Orleans. Who can reason on such a proposition? Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? Long established customs of hurtful character could formerly fence themselves in, and do their evil work with social impunity. By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. Your fathers were wise men, and if they did not go mad, they became restive under this treatment. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. Not for thieves and robbers, enemies of society, merely, but for men guilty of no crime. May of Syracuse, and my esteemed friend (Rev. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. Yea! But the 1852 "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech remains the best known of his addresses on the occasion, especially as it became even more widely read in the late-20th century,. What is this but the acknowledgement that the slave is a moral, intellectual and responsible being? With this product, you can choose to either have your students read the entire speech and annotate and analyze Douglass' rhetorical devices or you can choose to have your students read shorter excerpts from the speech and do an abbreviated annotation and analysis of rhetorical devices. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July | Historical Context The Colonial regime paved way for the transportation of slaves from different parts of the world, mostly from the African continent to work in southern states of America on cash crop plantations that generated a great source of income. Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and the Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and to denounce, with all the emphasis I can command, everything that serves to perpetuate slaverythe great sin and shame of America! From the round top of your ship of state, dark and threatening clouds may be seen. His own testimony is nothing. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. Follow the drove to New Orleans. Here you will see men and women reared like swine for the market. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. On the 2d of July, 1776, the old Continental Congress, to the dismay of the lovers of ease, and the worshipers of property, clothed that dreadful idea with all the authority of national sanction. It is said that America is built on the idea of liberty and freedom, but Douglass tells his audience that more than anything, it is built on inconsistencies and hypocrisies that have been overlooked for so long they appear to be truths. Douglass then discusses the internal slave trade in America. Products. The4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's history the very ringbolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destinyPride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetualremembrance. (3) $3.99. A feeling has crept over me, quite unfavorable to the exercise of my limited powers of speech. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. It is neither. Douglass believed that slavery could be eliminated with the support of the church, and also with the reexamination of what the Bible was actually saying. The subject has been handled with masterly power by Lysander Spooner, Esq., by William Goodell, by Samuel E. Sewall, Esq., and last, though not least, by Gerritt Smith, Esq. Seventy-six years, though a good old age for a man, is but a mere speck in the life of a nation. GAZETTE: This is your second year as host of Reading Frederick Douglass Together in Somerville. It is fashionable to do so; but there was a time when to pronounce against England, and in favor of the cause of the colonies, tried mens souls. The fate of many a slave has depended upon the turn of a single card; and many a child has been snatched from the arms of its mother by bargains arranged in a state of brutal drunkenness.The flesh-mongers gather up their victims by dozens, and drive them, chained, to the general depot at Baltimore. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. In order to put an end to it, some of these last have consented that their colored brethren (nominally free) should leave this country, and establish themselves on the western coast of Africa! The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. My business, if I have any here to-day, is with the present. What will this years event be like? 2003. Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. Kate Harris Date Published September 28, 2016 Last Modified November 14, 2021 Description. According to Douglass, these inconsistencies have made the United States the object of mockery and often contempt among the various nations of the world. Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass Read its preamble, consider its purposes. It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we hear the words of Frederick Douglass. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. Knowledge was then confined and enjoyed by the privileged few, and the multitude walked on in mental darkness. [4], The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? I repeat, I am glad this is so. What to the American slave is your Fourth of July? Nevertheless, Douglass claims that this can change. For who is there so cold, that a nations sympathy could not warm him? My soul sickens at the sight. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. On what branch of the subject do the people of this country need light? Cling to this daycling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight, Neither steam nor lightning had then been reduced to order and discipline, With them, justice, liberty and humanity were final; not slavery and oppression. It is neither. In spite of his praise of the Founding Fathers, he maintains that slaves owe nothing to and have no positive feelings towards the founding of the United States. You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. Standing, there, identified with the American bondman, making his wrongs mine, I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! 2. Ex-Senator Benton tells us that the price of men was never higher than now. Knowledge is becoming more readily available, Douglass said, and soon the American people will open their eyes to the atrocities they have been inflicting on their fellow Americans. 15 November's Documents in Detail webinar was about Frederick Douglass's What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, his oration delivered on 5 July 1862. I take it, therefore, that it is not presumption in a private citizen to form an opinion of that instrument.Now, take the Constitution according to its plain reading, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. The United States does not have to stay the way it is. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. Table of Contents. More than 150 years later, Keidrick Roy, a doctoral student in American Studies at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and a U.S. Air Force veteran, will host a virtual community reading and discussion of the storied speech at the Somerville Museum on Thursday as part of the annual state-wide MassHumanities program Reading Frederick Douglass Together.. They petitioned and remonstrated; they did so in a decorous, respectful, and loyal manner. What is now known as the "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech was delivered on July 5, 1852 as an address to the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, New York. You have no right to wear out and waste the hard-earned fame of your fathers to cover your indolence. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. All good citizens to engage in this hellish sport your fathers die, and hope is much needed under. 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